Parshat Devorim begins the book of "Mishne
Torah". This Shabbat is also know as "Shabbat Chazon".
"On the fortieth year, on the first of the eleventh month" (first of
Shevat), a little more than a month before he passed away, Moshe
reviews Hashem's Torah and gives words of Mussar to the new
generation.
Moshe was speaking, not to the Dor Deah, the generation of knowledge
who experienced the exodus; and not to the generation who witnessed
Kriat Yam Suf and Matan Torah. That generation was gone; perished in
the desert as was decreed by HaShem after the sin of the spies who
doubted HaShem's ability.
The generation Moshe speaks to is a younger generation who will soon
be entering Eretz Yisrael. To this generation who did not see, but
only heard, of the great miracles and the great revelation on Mount
Sinai, Moshe had to give his best and last effort to give words of
Tochecha (reproof). And he did so at the most effective time, right
before his death (see Rashi)- a time when no one can accuse him of
any ulterior motive, a time when Moshe was standing between Shnei
Olamot, this world and the world of truth. When speaking to this
generation, it seems, one who had not actually seen miracles and
revelations, Moshe had to do more convincing.
Moshe uses the word "Eicha" which stands for Tzaros and tragedies. "Eicha"
How can I carry your burden, etc... Rashi comments on "Masaachem"
(burden) stating that they were Apikorsim; heretics or non-believers.
How does Rashi derive "non-believers" from the word "burden"?
Rav Nachman of Breslev explains this beautifully. He says, "it's much
more burdensome to be a non-believer". An Apikoros who doubts
everything has the burden of explaining everything around his world,
whereas a believer has only to say "it is from HaShem".
This generation who did not see is probably more doubting than the
previous generation who did see. It is, therefore, more pertinent for
Moshe to warn, reprove and encourage them not to lose their Bitachon
in HaShem than it would have been for him to do the same for the
previous generation- who did see.
***
By the way, it is interesting to note that this is one of only two
occasions when Moshe spoke to "Kol"- all of Israel, the other being
in Parshat Vayakhel. Since Kol has the dual meanings of all and
every, the use of the word suggests that his message was meant for
every one of us; not only was Moshe speaking to his generation but to
Kol Yisroel- to all future generations as well.
***
For a Tochecha- a reproof- to be effective and meaningful, it must
come lovingly. As the Midrash says: "Reproofs should have come from
Bilaam and blessings from Moshe. Why is it reversed? Had the reproof
come from Bilaam, Israel would have said, `it's just an enemy
talking' (pay no attention to him). Had the blessings come from
Moshe, the other nations of the world would have said, `they received
a blessing from someone who loves them' (it's insignificant).
Therefore, said HaShem, `let the reproof come from Moshe who loves
them and the blessing come from Bilaam who hates them'."
In his love and respect for his people, Moshe did not embarrass them.
He reproved them only through a remez, a hint. They understood what
he meant and were not embarrassed.
In his reproof, Moshe reminds his people of their lack of faith as
demonstrated by the sin committed by the spies. He states, "and you
sat and cried before HaShem" (Bamidbar 1:45). This crying as the
Gemorah Sanhedrin (104) says, took place in the month of Av. HaShem
said to Israel, "since you have cried for nothing, I will therefore
establish this night as a night of crying for future generations."
Sitting and crying implies that they cried at least twice; thus
future generations will also have to cry twice, as the destruction of
both Holy Temples took place on this date.
Moshe hinted that one "Eicha", one sin of Apikorsus and the lack of
belief about the promised land will lead to future "Eichas";
tragedies and destructions of Eretz Yisrael.
***
The Jerusalem Talmud (Yoma 1.1) states the following: "A generation
that did not merit to see the Holy Temple rebuilt, is regarded as if
it itself destroyed it."
Rav Levi Yitzchok of Berditchev says that the reason this Shabbat is
called Shabbat Chazon is because the word Chazon means "seeing";
every Jewish Soul "sees" the third Holy Temple and is awakened by
this vision. Our souls long for the rebuilding of the Temple and for
its glory. The Rebbe illustrated this through a parable of a father
who had a beautiful suit made for his son who promptly tore it. The
father then made him a new one; but the son tore it again. The father
then made a third suit and showed it to his son but did not give it
to him until such a time when he learned how to properly treat his
beautiful suit.
We too are "shown" the third Holy Temple every Shabbat Chazon.
All we need to do is earn the merit to have it rebuilt in our time.