"Noah Tzadik
Tamim Haya Bedorotav." "Noah was righteous and perfect in his
generations." Gemara Sanhedrin and Medrash Tanhuma which Rashi
brings, shows that Rabbi Yohanan is not so impressed by these praises
of Noah. "In his generations he was righteous, but not in other
generations." "Had Noah been in the generation of Abraham, he would
not be considered righteous at all." "Resh Lakish, however, is
extremely impressed." Even in his generations which were corrupt, he
was righteous. How much more so if he lived among other righteous
people.
The Mishnah in Pikei Avot strongly suggests that we should judge
everyone favorably (Avot 1.6). Why then does Rabbi Yohanan exercise
the opposite? Furthermore, the Torah carefully describes Noah as
Tzadik and Tamin in his generations - many generations - a praise no
one else merited before or after him. veNoah matza hen beinei HaShem
- Noah found favor in the eyes of HaShem. Ki otcha raiti tsadik
lefanai bador hazeh - For it is you that I see to be righteous before
Me in this generation.
So, if HaShem praises Noah to such a degree, why should some of our
sages be critical of him?
It is a well-known idea that each tsadik is judged in accordance with
his contemporaries. "Yiftah in his generation is like Samuel in his
generation" say our sages. Each leader of the generation is as great
as Shmuel, Aaron and even Moshe (Rosh Hashana 25A).
Rov Yohanan, in my opinion, is not being critical of Noah. He is
simply saying that Noah, in his generations, was a Tzadik, just as
Yiftah was considered an important leader of his generation, as
important as even Shmuel HaNavi. Noah was not as great as Abraham.
So, had he been in Abraham's generations, he would be insignificant.
Just as Yiftah, if he had been in Shmuel's generations, he would be
insignificant. Just as Yiftah, if he had been in Shmuel's generation,
he too would have been insignificant and perhaps that is the reason
why the Torah praises him and emphasizes the word "Bdorotav," in his
generations.
Mayenah shel Torah quotes Pardes Yossef who gives a different and
perhaps a Hassidic answer. He explains that those who criticize Noah
do so from an intuition that all Tsadimim will inevitably have
Misnagdim, those who vehemently oppose them. Even Moshe Rabeinu had
his Misnagdim. Here, they teach us that even the first mentioned
Tzadik (Noah) in the Torah is liable to criticism. So, when we see a
Tzadik criticized by some, we must still consider him a Tzadik as
long as he has others who praise him.
Another puzzling Rashi (7.8) is when he writes that Noah and his
family came to the Ark Mipnei Mei Hamabul - because of the Flood.
This shows that Noah's faith was weak; he believed and did not
believe (he was doubtful) that the Flood will come. He did not enter
the Ark until the water forced him to. How can Noah be accused of
such a lack of faith? Had he not spent 120 years building the Ark?
Was not the building of the Ark for such duration so that others will
repent? Should we not judge him exactly the opposite and say that
Noah continued to hope until the last minute that Hashem will have
compassion and not bring the Flood?
In Sefer Degel Hamussar by Rabbi Gershon Libman of Novardok at
Yeshiva Or Yossef on France, I found an interesting Mussar answer to
this question. He explains that there, the Torah and Rashi are trying
to emphasize that even a great Tzadik may be influenced by the people
of his generation. Although he occupies himself in teaching and Kiruv
as Noah did for 120 years, he exposes himself to negative influences
of those whom he tries to reproof. This influence may sometimes cause
the Tzadik to doubt his own mission. Yes, Noah found favor in the
eyes of HaShem. On the other hand, he may have had his faith
compromised by those who lacked faith in HaShem.
Noah may not have been as great as Abraham who saved many souls, �kol
hanefesh asher assu beharan�, and prayed for Sodom and Amorah. But
Noah could have been greater if he were not surrounded by so much
corruption.